Waiting the correction You can create your own Content View with studio and create a template type widget that will displays the icon. This template will reuse the default template used for displaying the icon but for the alt value will use the #{messages[document.type]} and add keys into the message property into studio (Resources > I18n Files).

If I'm right here is the xhtml fragment used to display icon:

<f:subview id="#{widget.id}"
  xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jstl/core"
  xmlns:f="http://java.sun.com/jsf/core"
  xmlns:nxu="http://nuxeo.org/nxweb/util"
  xmlns:nxd="http://nuxeo.org/nxweb/document"
  xmlns:nxl="http://nuxeo.org/nxforms/layout"
  xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"
  xmlns:nxp="http://nuxeo.org/nxweb/pdf">
<c:if test="#{nxl:isLikePlainMode(widget.mode)}">#{field_2}</c:if>
<c:if test="#{nxl:isLikeViewMode(widget.mode)}">

  <div id="docRefTarget:#{field_1}"
    class="#{nxu:test(field_3, 'nxDropTarget', '')}">
    <div id="docRef:#{field_1}"
      class="cell popupTarget dropout nxDraggable"
      docRef="#{field_1}">
      <nxu:graphicImage
        value="#{nxd:iconPath(field_0)}" alt="#{field_2}" title="#{field_2}"
        rendered="#{!empty nxd:iconPath(field_0)}"
        styleClass="smallIcon" />
    </div>
  </div>
</c:if>
<c:if test="#{widget.mode == 'pdf'}">
  <nxp:html>
    <nxu:graphicImage
      value="#{nxd:iconPath(field_0)}" alt="#{field_2}" title="#{field_2}"
      rendered="#{!empty nxd:iconPath(field_0)}"
      styleClass="smallIcon" />
  </nxp:html>
</c:if>
</f:subview>

So replace alt=“#{field_2}” by alt=“#{messages[field_2]}“.

About widget configuration you have to bind the fields like in this order:

        <field>data</field>
        <field>data.ref</field>
        <field>data.type</field>
        <field>data.folder</field>

Or you wait for the fix :D

Yes, this would be better. What's your question (this site is for questions)?

If you have a bug report (which this seems to be), please do it in http://jira.nuxeo.com/